When I first picked up a crochet hook, I was thrilled to start creating beautiful projects. But then I encountered my first written crochet pattern—what looked like a secret code of abbreviations, symbols, and punctuation marks! If you're feeling overwhelmed by trying to read crochet patterns, you're not alone. The good news? Learning to read patterns isn't difficult—it's just new. With this step-by-step guide, you'll be confidently working through written patterns in no time!
I've broken down everything you need to know about reading crochet patterns into manageable sections. We'll cover abbreviations, symbols, pattern structure, and even work through a simple practice pattern together. By the end, those mysterious pattern instructions will transform into clear, actionable steps for your next beautiful creation!
Understanding Crochet Pattern Structure
Before diving into specific abbreviations, let's understand how crochet patterns are typically structured. Most patterns include these standard sections:
- Title and Designer: The name of the pattern and who created it
- Materials: Lists yarn type, hook size, and other supplies needed
- Gauge: How many stitches and rows should measure a specific size
- Finished Size: The dimensions of the completed project
- Abbreviations: A list of the shortened terms used in the pattern
- Special Stitches: Detailed instructions for any unique stitches
- Pattern Notes: Important information about construction techniques
- Pattern Instructions: The step-by-step directions, usually organized by rows or rounds
When approaching a new pattern, I always recommend reading through the entire thing before picking up your hook. This gives you a mental roadmap of the project and helps identify any techniques you might need to learn or practice first.
Decoding Crochet Abbreviations
Crochet patterns use abbreviations to keep instructions concise. These shortened terms might look confusing at first, but they quickly become second nature with practice. Here are the most common abbreviations you'll encounter:
| Abbreviation | Full Term | Description |
ch |
chain | Creates foundation chains and chain spaces |
sc |
single crochet | Basic short stitch |
hdc |
half double crochet | Medium-height stitch |
dc |
double crochet | Tall stitch, twice the height of sc |
tr |
treble crochet | Extra tall stitch |
sl st |
slip stitch | Used to join rounds or move across stitches |
st(s) |
stitch(es) | Refers to the individual stitches |
inc |
increase | Work multiple stitches in same stitch |
dec |
decrease | Combines multiple stitches into one |
sp |
space | Gap between stitches, often a chain space |
Important Note: Be aware that US and UK terminology differs! For example, a "single crochet" (sc) in US terms is called a "double crochet" (dc) in UK terms. Always check which terminology your pattern uses.
Understanding Pattern Symbols and Punctuation
Beyond abbreviations, crochet patterns use specific symbols and punctuation marks as shorthand. Understanding these will help you navigate pattern instructions with confidence:
Asterisks (*)
Asterisks indicate repeated instructions. When you see something like:
*dc, ch 1, skip 1 st; repeat from * across row
This means you should repeat everything between the asterisk and semicolon until you reach the end of the row.
Parentheses ( )
Parentheses serve multiple purposes:
- Group repeated instructions:
(dc, ch 1) 3 times - Indicate stitch counts:
Row 1: sc in each st across (24 sc) - Show multiple sizes:
Ch 15 (20, 25)for small, medium, large
Brackets [ ]
Brackets often indicate a more complex group of instructions to be repeated:
[2 dc, ch 1, 2 dc] in next ch-sp
This means you work all the stitches inside the brackets into the specified space.
Commas (,)
Commas separate individual instructions within a sequence:
ch 3, dc in next 5 sts, hdc in next st
Think of commas as a brief pause between different actions.
Reading Pattern Rows and Rounds
Crochet patterns are typically worked in either rows (back and forth) or rounds (in circles). Understanding how these are written is crucial:
Working in Rows
When working in rows, each row is numbered and starts with a specific instruction:
Row 1: Ch 15, sc in 2nd ch from hook and in each ch across, turn. (14 sc)
Row 2: Ch 1 (does not count as st), sc in each sc across, turn. (14 sc)
Row 3: Ch 3 (counts as first dc), dc in each sc across, turn. (14 dc)
Notice how each row begins with chain stitches (called "turning chains") that either count as a stitch or don't, depending on the pattern. The pattern will specify this. Also, most row patterns end with "turn," meaning you flip your work to begin the next row.
Working in Rounds
Patterns worked in rounds (like amigurumi or circular blankets) look slightly different:
Round 1: 6 sc in magic ring, join with sl st to first sc. (6 sc)
Round 2: Ch 1, 2 sc in each sc around, join with sl st to first sc. (12 sc)
Round 3: Ch 1, *sc in next sc, 2 sc in next sc; repeat from * around, join with sl st to first sc. (18 sc)
Round patterns often start with a magic ring (or chain ring) and typically end with joining the last stitch to the first stitch of the round using a slip stitch.
Breaking Down a Pattern Example
Let's analyze a simple pattern excerpt to practice our pattern reading skills:
Beginner Dishcloth Pattern
Materials: Worsted weight cotton yarn, 5.0mm (H) hook
Abbreviations: ch (chain), sc (single crochet), dc (double crochet)
Pattern:
Ch 26
Row 1: Sc in 2nd ch from hook and in each ch across, turn. (25 sc)
Row 2: Ch 3 (counts as first dc), dc in each sc across, turn. (25 dc)
Row 3: Ch 1 (does not count as st), sc in each dc across, turn. (25 sc)
Rows 4-20: Repeat Rows 2-3.
Fasten off.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
- Start by making 26 chain stitches
- Work a single crochet in the second chain from your hook
- Continue making single crochets in each chain to the end (25 sc total)
- Turn your work to begin Row 2
- Make 3 chains (this counts as your first double crochet)
- Work a double crochet in each single crochet across (25 dc total)
- Continue alternating between Rows 2 and 3 until you complete Row 20
- Fasten off and weave in ends
Practice Pattern: Simple Crochet Coaster
Now let's put your new pattern-reading skills to work with a simple practice pattern. This beginner-friendly coaster uses basic stitches and is perfect for practicing how to follow written instructions:
Simple Round Coaster Pattern
Materials:
- Worsted weight cotton yarn
- 5.0mm (H) crochet hook
- Tapestry needle for weaving in ends
Abbreviations:
- ch - chain
- sc - single crochet
- dc - double crochet
- sl st - slip stitch
- st(s) - stitch(es)
Pattern Instructions:
Round 1: Make a magic ring, ch 1, work 8 sc into the ring, join with sl st to first sc. (8 sc)
Round 2: Ch 1, 2 sc in each sc around, join with sl st to first sc. (16 sc)
Round 3: Ch 3 (counts as first dc), dc in same st, *2 dc in next st; repeat from * around, join with sl st to top of beginning ch-3. (32 dc)
Round 4: Ch 1, sc in same st, *sc in next st; repeat from * around, join with sl st to first sc. (32 sc)
Round 5: Ch 1, sc in same st, *sc in next st; repeat from * around, join with sl st to first sc. (32 sc)
Fasten off and weave in ends.
Common Pattern Reading Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Common pattern reading mistakes and their solutions
Common Mistakes
- Miscounting stitches - Losing track of where you are in a pattern
- Misinterpreting repeats - Confusion about what to repeat and how many times
- Skipping pattern notes - Missing crucial information about construction
- Confusing US/UK terms - Using the wrong stitch definitions
- Ignoring gauge - Resulting in a project that's the wrong size
How to Avoid Them
- Use stitch markers to track pattern repeats and count stitches
- Write out repeats in full if you're confused
- Always read pattern notes before starting
- Check terminology (US or UK) at the beginning
- Make a gauge swatch before starting your project
"The difference between an experienced crocheter and a beginner isn't that they never make mistakes—it's that they know how to recognize and fix them!"
Helpful Tools for Pattern Reading
- Stitch markers - Mark pattern repeats, beginning of rounds, or stitch counts
- Row counter - Keep track of which row you're on
- Highlighter tape - Highlight the current row without permanently marking the pattern
- Notebook - Take notes or track modifications
- Crochet abbreviation reference card - Quick lookup for terms you forget
US vs. UK Crochet Terms: Know the Difference
One of the most confusing aspects of learning to read crochet patterns is the difference between US and UK terminology. The same stitch can have different names depending on which system the pattern uses!
| US Term | UK Term | Description |
| slip stitch (sl st) | slip stitch (sl st) | Same in both systems |
| single crochet (sc) | double crochet (dc) | Short basic stitch |
| half double crochet (hdc) | half treble (htr) | Medium height stitch |
| double crochet (dc) | treble (tr) | Tall stitch |
| treble crochet (tr) | double treble (dtr) | Extra tall stitch |
Pro Tip: Most patterns will specify whether they use US or UK terms at the beginning. If not, look for clues: if the pattern mentions "single crochet," it's using US terms (UK doesn't have "single crochet"). When in doubt, check the designer's country of origin—US designers typically use US terms, while UK, Australian, and European designers may use UK terms.
Visual comparison of US vs UK terminology for the same stitches
Understanding Crochet Pattern Charts and Diagrams
While this guide focuses on written patterns, many crochet patterns also include visual charts or diagrams. These can be especially helpful for visual learners or when working complex stitch patterns.
Example crochet chart with corresponding written instructions
In crochet charts:
Symbol Basics
- Each stitch type has a specific symbol
- Dots or filled circles typically represent slip stitches
- Open circles or ovals represent chains
- T-shaped symbols with varying crossbars represent taller stitches
- Arrows often indicate the direction of work
Reading Direction
- For rows: Read right-to-left for right-side rows, left-to-right for wrong-side rows
- For rounds: Read clockwise from the starting point
- Charts typically show the right side (front) of the work
- Numbers indicate row/round numbers
Charts can be especially helpful for visualizing complex stitch patterns or seeing how different elements of a design fit together. If you're a visual learner, look for patterns that include both written instructions and charts.
Frequently Asked Questions About Reading Crochet Patterns
What does "inc" and "dec" mean in crochet patterns?
"Inc" stands for increase, which means working multiple stitches into the same stitch to add stitches. "Dec" stands for decrease, which means combining multiple stitches into one to reduce the stitch count. In amigurumi patterns, you might see "inc" written as "2sc in next st" and "dec" written as "sc2tog" (single crochet 2 together).
What does "work even" mean in a pattern?
"Work even" means to continue in the established pattern without increasing or decreasing. You're maintaining the same number of stitches in each row or round until instructed otherwise.
What's the difference between "join" and "turn"?
"Join" typically means to connect the last stitch of a round to the first stitch using a slip stitch, creating a closed circle. "Turn" means to flip your work over so the opposite side is facing you, typically used when working in rows rather than rounds.
What does "in BLO" or "in FLO" mean?
"BLO" stands for "back loop only" and "FLO" stands for "front loop only." These instructions tell you to work into only one of the two loops that form the top of each stitch, rather than under both loops as usual. This creates different textures and effects in your crochet fabric.
How do I know if my pattern uses US or UK terms?
Most patterns will specify this information at the beginning. If not stated, look for clues: if the pattern mentions "single crochet," it's using US terms (UK doesn't have "single crochet"). When in doubt, check the designer's country of origin or contact them directly to ask.
What does "magic ring" or "magic circle" mean?
A magic ring (or magic circle) is a technique for starting crochet worked in rounds. It creates an adjustable loop that can be tightened to close the center hole completely. It's commonly used for amigurumi, hats, and other projects worked in the round. If you're unfamiliar with this technique, there are many helpful tutorials online.
Ready to Practice Your Pattern Reading Skills?
Now that you understand how to read crochet patterns, it's time to put your skills into practice! Download our free Beginner's Pattern Bundle featuring three simple projects designed specifically to help you master pattern reading.
You're Ready to Read Any Crochet Pattern!
Learning to read crochet patterns is like learning a new language—it might seem overwhelming at first, but with practice, it becomes second nature. Remember, it's not hard—it's just new! Every experienced crocheter started exactly where you are now.
Start with simple patterns labeled "beginner-friendly" and gradually work your way up to more complex designs as your confidence grows. Don't be afraid to reach out to the crochet community online if you get stuck—crocheters are a helpful bunch who love sharing their knowledge!
The most important thing is to be patient with yourself and enjoy the process. Before you know it, you'll be reading crochet patterns with ease and creating beautiful projects you can be proud of!
"The difference between a beginner and an expert is that the expert has failed more times than the beginner has even tried."
Happy crocheting!
Christa Patel is a passionate crochet designer and teacher who loves making yarn crafts easy for everyone. With over a decade of experience, she has helped thousands of beginners start their first crochet projects. Christa specializes in simple, step-by-step instructions and friendly support, making crochet fun and stress-free. She believes that anyone can crochet with the right guidance and a little encouragement.
When Christa isn’t sharing new patterns or hosting crochet workshops, she enjoys exploring fiber arts, spending time with her family, and finding inspiration in nature. You can often find her working on fresh designs for the Secret Yarnery community or answering questions from new crafters around the world.
Connect with Christa through Secret Yarnery to find more tips, tutorials, and crochet inspiration.